2017高一英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句講解

1、1定語(yǔ)從句講解定語(yǔ)從句講解1定語(yǔ)從句：復(fù)合句中修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevasewhichwasveryreasonable.Thosewhowkhardwillmakeprogress.2先行詞先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。3關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。1）關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有thatwhichwhowhomw

2、hoseas等；關(guān)系副詞有whenwherewhy等。2）關(guān)系詞通常有下列三個(gè)作用：A、引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；B、代替代替先行詞；C、在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分成分。例如：Themanwhoisshakinghswithmyfatherisapoliceman.該句whoisshakinghswithmyfather是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞theman，“who”是引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞，代替先行詞theman，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。（二）關(guān)系代詞

3、引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句（二）關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1who指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)。TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwhohadlosthisway.昨天我?guī)椭艘晃幻月返睦先恕?whom指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)，常可省略。Theprofess(whom)youarewaitingfhascome.你正在等的教授已經(jīng)來(lái)了。Thegirl

4、(whom)theteacheroftenpraisesisourmonit.注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中?？捎脀ho來(lái)代替，也可省略。但直接介詞后只用whom不可省略。Theman(whomwho)youmetjustnowismyoldfriend.Themantowhomyoutalkedjustnowismyoldfriend.（whom不可省略）3which指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷??；蛟诜?/p>

5、限制定語(yǔ)從句中代替整個(gè)主句。Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.Hefailedtheexamagainwhichmadehisfatherangry.4that指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which.。在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常可省略。Thenumberofpeoplethatwhocometo

6、visitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.Whereistheman(thatwhom)Isawthismning我今天早上看到的那個(gè)人在哪兒？YesterdayIreceivedaletterthatwhichcamefromAustralia.5whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)。Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountr

7、y.我拜訪了一個(gè)全國(guó)知名的科學(xué)家。Ioncelivedinthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.我曾經(jīng)住在那幢屋頂已經(jīng)倒塌了的房子里。注意：指物時(shí)，常用下列結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)代替：Weliveinahouse__________windowsfacethesea.Weliveinahouse___________thewindowsfacethesea.Weliveinahousethewindows__________face

8、theseaWeliveinabeautifulhousethewindows_________facetheseaDoyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow=_____________________=_________________（三）（三）“介詞介詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句常常由“介詞關(guān)系代詞”引出。Theschool(whichthat)h

9、eoncestudiedinisveryfamous.=Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.他曾經(jīng)就讀過(guò)的學(xué)校很出名。Thisistheboy(whomwhothat)Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.=ThisistheboywithwhomIplayedtennisyesterday.這是我昨天跟他打臺(tái)球的男孩。ThemanagerwhosecompanyIwkin

10、paysmuchattentiontoimprovingourwkingconditions.=ThemanagerinwhosecompanyIwkpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourwkingconditions.注意：１含有介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的后面。如：lookflookaftertakecareof等。3受everyanyallsomenolittlefewmuch等代詞修飾時(shí)

11、。如：HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid李老師講的你都記下來(lái)了嗎？Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.所有能做的都做好了。ThereislittlethatIcandofyou.我不能為你干什么。Hestayedinthelibrarylookedupanyinfmationthattheyneeded.注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，偶爾也可用關(guān)系代詞who，如：Anymantha

12、twhohasasenseofdutywon’tdosuchathing.Allthegueststhatwhowereinvitedtoherweddingwereimptantpeople.2當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。如：ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.這是我看過(guò)的最好的電影。3當(dāng)先行詞

13、被theverytheonly，thelast修飾時(shí)。如：ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.這正是我要買的詞典。Afterthefireinhishousetheoldcaristheonlythingthatheowns.注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，偶爾也可用關(guān)系代詞who。如：WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting.4當(dāng)先行

14、詞前面有whowhich等疑問(wèn)代詞時(shí)。如：Whoisthemanthatisstingbythegate站在門口的那個(gè)人是誰(shuí)？WhichistheTshirtthatfitsmemost哪件T恤衫最合我的身？5當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。如：TheytalkedaboutthepersonsthingsthattheyrememberedatschoolLookatthemanhisdonkeythatarewalkingupthestre

15、et.另外：1)直接介詞后只用whichwhom作定語(yǔ)可用whose，不用who和that2)that不引導(dǎo)非限制定語(yǔ)從句3）that和who都可以指人，但下面兩種情況，多用都可以指人，但下面兩種情況，多用who。①先行詞為。①先行詞為allanyoneoneones等時(shí)。如：等時(shí)。如：Allwhoheardthenewswereexcited.②先行詞為②先行詞為thosehe和people時(shí)。如：時(shí)。如：Thosewhowantto

16、gopleasesignyournameshere.HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.（二）關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞as和which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其用法有相同之處，也有不同之處。具體情況是：1.as和which都可以在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，代表前面整個(gè)句子。如：Hemarriedheraswhichwasnatural.他跟她結(jié)婚了，這是

17、很自然的事。Heishonestaswhichwecansee.他很誠(chéng)實(shí)，這一點(diǎn)我們看得出來(lái)。2.as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至還可以分割主句。which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只可放在主句之后。另外，as常常有“正如、正像”的含義，用于一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)。如：asanybodycansee正如人人都能看到的那樣asiswellknown=asisknowntoall眾所周知aswehadexpected正如我們所預(yù)

18、料的那樣asoftenhappens正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣ashasbeensaidbefe如上所說(shuō)asismentionedabove正如上面提到的As（不用which）isknowntoallChinaisadevelopingcountry.Heisfromthesouthas（可用which）wecanknowfromhisaccent.Johnasyouknowisafamouswriter.正如你所知，約翰是個(gè)著名作家。Zhan

19、gHuahasbeentoParismethantentimeswhichIdon’tbelieve.注意：當(dāng)主句和從句之間存在著邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時(shí)，關(guān)系詞往往只用當(dāng)主句和從句之間存在著邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時(shí)，關(guān)系詞往往只用which。如：Tomwaslatefschoolagainagainwhich(不用as)madehisteacherveryangry.Thesetablesaremadeofmetalwhichmadethemve