機床外文翻譯---銑床國內外研究狀況和發(fā)展趨勢

1、<p>　　Milling machine of domestic and international research status and development trend</p><p>　　Machinery industry is the national economic development as basic industry which provides technology and

2、 equipment, it is science and technology of the foundation, is the carrier of industrialization of new and high technology, is the basis of national defense building industry, also be to raise people life quality to prov

3、ide consumer electrical products industry. Machinery industry with a high degree of industrial linkage, elasticity of demand, the growth of economy to promote action is strong, </p><p>　　Machine tool is cutt

4、ing the metal blank processing machine parts of the machine, it is a manufacturing machine, it is also known as the" machine" or" machine tool". In the modern machinery manufacturing industry, metal c

5、utting machine tool processing machine parts of the main equipment, it should work, approximately total machine workload of manufacturing from 40% to60%. Machine tool technology directly affect the level of mechanical ma

6、nufacturing industry product quality and labor productivity.</p><p>　　As the general mechanical processing equipment, milling machine in the internal combustion engine parts production has played an irreplac

7、eable role. Milling cutter on the workpiece is milling machine. In addition to plane milling machine milling, groove, tooth, thread and spline shaft, but also more complex surface machining, higher efficiency than the pl

8、aner, in the machinery manufacturing and repair sector are widely used. The earliest milling machine is an American Whitney in 1818created a ho</p><p>　　Milling machine type are many, is according to the lay

9、out of the form and scope of distinction, mainly has the lifting platform milling machine, milling machines in Longmen, single column milling machine and milling machine, single-arm milling machine, milling machine tool,

10、 instrument. Lifting platform milling machine universal type, horizontal and vertical several, mainly for the processing of small parts, the most widely used; including Longmen Longmen milling machine milling boring mach

11、ine, L</p><p>　　Universal lifting platform milling machine is a kind of medium universal milling machine. Suitable for garden milling cutter, angle cutter, cutter and cutter, milling, groove, angle, edge and

12、 gear, mounted on the attachment of vertical milling head, capable of multi-way cut milling; Mount Accessories rotary table, capable of milling ring groove and circular curve; loaded attachment dividing head later, as th

13、e modulus 4straight tooth helical tooth milling work. Because the machine has wide applic</p><p>　　Instruments milling machine is a small lifting platform milling machine for processing, instrumentation and

14、other small parts; tool milling machine is mainly used for the manufacture of molds and tools, with the vertical milling head, universal angle table and plugs and other accessories, can also carry out drilling, boring an

15、d slotting processing. Other milling machine and milling machine, milling machine, the cam roller shaft neck of crankshaft milling machine, milling machine and square ingot</p><p>　　In addition, according to

16、 the control mode, milling machine can be divided into copying milling machine, milling machine and milling machine and other process control.</p><p>　　Universal milling machine is widely used for the mechan

17、ical manufacturing industry, the mode of production, products and industry organization has brought profound changes, its technical level and have quantity, is a measure of a country and an important symbol of modernizat

18、ion level of enterprise.</p><p>　　As a result of Europe and the United States and other advanced industrial countries in80 years has completed the automatic machine tool industry process, some well-known mac

19、hine tool company is committed to technological innovation and new product development leading CNC machine tool technology development, such as the United States of America Ingersoll company and Germany Wheeler joy compa

20、ny for the automotive industry and aerospace industry, high-speed CNC milling machine in the development of</p><p>　　Therefore, we must further carry out a wide range of scientific research and technological

21、 revolution, to learn advanced foreign technology and own innovation, improve China's rapid manufacturing equipment the technological level of products and market competitiveness.</p><p>　　銑床國內外研究狀況和發(fā)展趨勢

22、</p><p>　　機械工業(yè)是為國民經(jīng)濟發(fā)展提供技術裝備的基礎性產(chǎn)業(yè)，是科學技術物化的基礎，是高新技術產(chǎn)業(yè)化的載體，是國防建設的基礎工業(yè)，也是為提高人民生活質量提供消費類機電產(chǎn)品的行業(yè)。機械工業(yè)具有產(chǎn)業(yè)關聯(lián)度高，需求彈性大，對經(jīng)濟增長帶動促進作用強，對國家積累和社會就業(yè)貢獻大等特點。大力振興機械裝備制造業(yè)，是全面貫徹落實科學發(fā)展觀、走新型工業(yè)化道路、提高國際競爭力、實現(xiàn)國民經(jīng)濟全面協(xié)調可持續(xù)發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略舉措。機床

23、工業(yè)則是機械工業(yè)的重要組成部分，是為機械工業(yè)提供制造技術和裝備的工業(yè)。機床的擁有量，產(chǎn)量，品質和質量，是衡量一個國家工業(yè)水平的重要標志之一。因此機床工業(yè)在國名經(jīng)濟中占有及其重要地位。</p><p>　　機床是用切削的方法將金屬毛坯加工成機器零件的機器，它是制造機器的機器，所以又稱為“工作母機”或“工具機”。 在現(xiàn)代機械制造工業(yè)中，金屬切削機床是加工機器零件的主要設備，它所擔負的工作量，約占機器總制造工作量的40

24、%～60%。機床的技術水平直接影響機械制造工業(yè)的產(chǎn)品質量和勞動生產(chǎn)率。銑床是用銑刀對工件進行銑削加工的機床。數(shù)控銑床是在一般銑床的基礎上發(fā)展起來的,兩都的加工工藝基本相同,結構也有些相似,但銑床是靠程序控制的自動加工機床,所以其結構也與普通銑床有很大區(qū)別。數(shù)控銑床一般由數(shù)控系統(tǒng)、主傳動系統(tǒng)、進給伺服系統(tǒng)、冷卻潤滑系統(tǒng)等幾大部分組成。數(shù)控自動銑床具有工作平穩(wěn)可靠，操作維護方便，運轉費用低的特點，已成為現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)中的主要設備。X62W銑床是由

25、普通機床發(fā)展而來。與其他機床相比，它能完成很多普通機床難以加工或者根本不能加工的復雜型面的加工。采用X62W銑床可以提高零件的加工精度，穩(wěn)定產(chǎn)品的質量。X62W可以比普通機床提高2~3倍生產(chǎn)率，對復雜零件的加工，生產(chǎn)率可以提高十幾倍甚至幾十倍。 此機床具有柔性，只需更換程序，就可以適應不同品種及尺寸規(guī)格零件的自動加工。大大的減輕了工人的勞動強度。</p><p>　　作為機械加工的通用設備,銑床在內燃機配件的生產(chǎn)

26、中一直起著不可替代的作用。銑床是用銑刀對工件進行銑削加工的機床。銑床除能銑削平面、溝槽、輪齒、螺紋和花鍵軸外，還能加工比較復雜的型面，效率較刨床高，在機械制造和修理部門得到廣泛應用。 最早的銑床是美國人惠特尼于1818年創(chuàng)制的臥式銑床；為了銑削麻花鉆頭的螺旋槽，美國人布朗于1862年創(chuàng)制了第一臺萬能銑床，這是升降臺銑床的雛形；1884年前后又出現(xiàn)了龍門銑床；二十世紀20年代出現(xiàn)了半自動銑床，工作臺利用擋塊可完成“進給-決速”或“決速-進

27、給”的自動轉換。 1950年以后，銑床在控制系統(tǒng)方面發(fā)展很快，數(shù)字控制的應用大大提高了銑床的自動化程度。尤其是70年代以后，微處理機的數(shù)字控制系統(tǒng)和自動換刀系統(tǒng)在銑床上得到應用，擴大了銑床的加工范圍，提高了加工精度與效率。</p><p>　　銑床種類很多，一般是按布局形式和適用范圍加以區(qū)分，主要的有升降臺銑床、龍門銑床、單柱銑床和單臂銑床、儀表銑床、工具銑床等。升降臺銑床有萬能式、臥式和立式幾種，主要用于加工中

28、小型零件，應用最廣；龍門銑床包括龍門銑鏜床、龍門銑刨床和雙柱銑床，均用于加工大型零件；單柱銑床的水平銑頭可沿立柱導軌移動，工作臺作縱向進給；單臂銑床的立銑頭可沿懸臂導軌水平移動，懸臂也可沿立柱導軌調整高度。單柱銑床和單臂銑床均用于加工大型零件。</p><p>　　萬能升降臺銑床是一種中型通用萬能銑床。適合于園片銑刀、角度銑刀、成形銑刀及端面銑刀，銑削平面、槽、角度、邊緣及齒輪等，裝上附件立銑頭后，可作多向的挖銑

29、工作;裝上附件回轉工作臺后，可銑削環(huán)狀溝槽及圓弧曲線;裝上附件分度頭后，可作模數(shù)4以下之直齒螺旋齒等銑齒工作。由于本機床應用范圍廣闊，較在一般修理及工具車間單件或批量生產(chǎn)車間使用最為適宜。本機床導軌采用超音頻淬火、貼塑等耐磨措施，故其精度保持性好;機床的各主要軸類、齒輪等均采用優(yōu)質鋼材，并經(jīng)過熱處理，故其強度較高，能負擔較大負荷;機床的零部件均經(jīng)過精密加工，精度較高，一般能達到三級精度和Ra3.2的表面粗糙度。</p>&

30、lt;p>　　儀表銑床是一種小型的升降臺銑床，用于加工儀器儀表和其他小型零件；工具銑床主要用于模具和工具制造，配有立銑頭、萬能角度工作臺和插頭等多種附件，還可進行鉆削、鏜削和插削等加工。其他銑床還有鍵槽銑床、凸輪銑床、曲軸銑床、軋輥軸頸銑床和方鋼錠銑床等，它們都是為加工相應的工件而制造的專用銑床。</p><p>　　另外，按控制方式，銑床又可分為仿形銑床、程序控制銑床和數(shù)控銑床等。</p>

31、<p>　　萬能銑床的廣泛應用，給機械制造業(yè)的生產(chǎn)方式、產(chǎn)品機構和產(chǎn)業(yè)機構帶來了深刻的變化，其技術水平高低和擁有量多少，是衡量一個國家和企業(yè)現(xiàn)代化水平的重要標志。</p><p>　　由于歐美日等先進工業(yè)國家于80 年代先后完成了自動機床產(chǎn)業(yè)進程，其中一些著名機床公司致力于科技創(chuàng)新和新產(chǎn)品的研發(fā)引導著數(shù)控機床技術發(fā)展，如美國英格索爾公司和德國惠勒喜樂公司對用于汽車工業(yè)和航空工業(yè)高速數(shù)控銑床的發(fā)展日本牧野

32、公司對高效精密加工中心所作的貢獻，德國瓦德里希公司在重型龍門五面加工銑床方面的開發(fā)以及日本馬扎克公司研發(fā)的車銑中心對高效復合加工的推進等等。從上世紀80 年代起銑床制造業(yè)的發(fā)展雖有起伏但對自動控制技術和自動銑床床一直給予較大的關注。經(jīng)過九五自動車床和加工中心包括自動銑床的產(chǎn)業(yè)化生產(chǎn)基地的形成，所生產(chǎn)的中檔普及型自動銑床的功能性能和可靠性方面已具有較強的市場競爭力。我國的機械制造業(yè)是在1949年建國后建立和發(fā)展起來的，以成為一個規(guī)模宏大，